I.Physical Structure Protection: Resisting External Intrusion

1-Solid installation is the cornerstone:

Choose a professional installer to ensure the mounting system meets local wind pressure and snow load standards and has a solid foundation.

Regularly inspect the mounting system (especially after severe weather) for loose screws, deformation, or rust.

2-Preventing Foreign Object Damage:

Regularly clean dust, bird droppings, fallen leaves, and other debris from the photovoltaic panels to maintain light transmittance (remember to use a soft cloth or specialized cleaning tools after powering off to avoid scratching the glass).

Trimming surrounding branches to prevent them from scratching, blocking sunlight, or falling and damaging the equipment.

Install fences or warning signs to prevent vandalism or animals (such as squirrels) from gnawing on cables.

3-Preventing Severe Weather:

Wind Protection: Ensure the design can withstand the highest local wind speeds. Check fasteners before typhoons or strong winds.

Preventing Hail: Select photovoltaic panels with a high impact rating. During extreme hail warnings, installing protective netting may be considered (professional evaluation required).

Preventing snow accumulation: Design the sloping angle to facilitate snowfall. Heavy snow accumulation requires careful removal by professionals using specialized tools to avoid damage to the deck or brackets.

II. Electrical Safety: Eliminate Hidden Dangers

1-Professional Construction and Compliance:

Strictly follow electrical installation regulations and use standard cables, connectors, distribution boxes, and other equipment.

Ensure all wiring is secure and properly waterproofed to avoid the risk of loose connections and short circuits.

2-Lightning Protection and Grounding:

This is of paramount importance! A comprehensive lightning protection and grounding system (lightning arrester, down conductor, and grounding grid) must be installed. Regularly check the grounding resistance to ensure it meets the required value (usually ≤4Ω) and effectively discharge lightning current.

3-Overvoltage and Overcurrent Protection:

Appropriate surge protectors should be installed on both the DC and AC sides of the inverter to protect against lightning-induced overvoltages and grid fluctuations.

Ensure that protective devices such as DC switches, fuses, and circuit breakers are correctly selected and functioning properly.

4-Fire Safety:

Avoid stacking flammable materials under or around the modules.

Use cables with a high flame retardant rating (such as PV-specific cables).

Maintain good ventilation and heat dissipation in the equipment room (especially the inverter).

Install an arc fault circuit breaker or an inverter with AFCI functionality to promptly interrupt arc faults.

III.Operation Monitoring and Maintenance: Preventing Problems Before They Occur

1-Real-time Monitoring System:

Use the inverter or a third-party monitoring platform to monitor power generation and the current and voltage status of each branch in real time. Abnormal drops are often early signs of faults (such as hot spots, cable problems, and module failures).

2-Regular Professional Inspections:

Schedule a comprehensive inspection by professional technicians at least once or twice a year, including:

Infrared thermal imaging (to detect potential hazards such as module hot spots and heating of the junction box).

Electrical parameter measurements (insulation resistance, ground resistance, IV curve testing, etc.).

Visual inspection of all equipment, cable conditions, and connection points.

3-Recording and Analysis:

Save power generation data, maintenance records, and inspection reports to facilitate tracking performance changes and fault analysis.

IV. Environmental Considerations

Corrosion Resistance: For coastal or industrially polluted areas, choose corrosion-resistant bracket and module frame materials.

Anti-Critter: Pipeline and cable tray entrances must be tightly sealed to prevent rodents and other animals from entering and gnawing on the cables.